Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics

Open access journal for theoretical physics

ISSN 1729-5254

EJTP Special Issue 2007

Editors

Ignazio Licata

Ammar Sakaji

If physics is ' what physicists do', focusing on ' organization' and ' emergence' means making the point on some of liveliest interdisciplinary research areas and inquiring on the way we build our theoretical architectures" in order to take up the complexity challenge.

Ignazio Licata

Physics of Emergence and Organization

This book Published by the World Scientific

Volume 4, Issue 16 I

Contents

Foreword

Gregory J. Chaitin

Preface

Ignazio Licata

Emergence and Computation at the Edge of Classical and Quantum Systems

Ignazio Licata

Received( 6 September 2007), Accepted( 20 October 2007)

Gauge Generalized Principle for Complex Systems

Germano Resconi

Received( 5 June 2007), Accepted( 20 June 2007)

Undoing Quantum Measurement: Novel Twists to the Physical Account of Time

Avshalom C. Elitzur and Shahar Dolev

Received( 6 September 2007), Accepted( 20 October 2007)

Process Physics: Quantum Theories as Models of Complexity

Kirsty Kitto

Received( 4 May 2007), Accepted( 15 May 2007)

A Cross-disciplinary Framework for the Description of Contextually Mediated Change

Liane Gabora and Diederik Aerts

Received( 7 May 2007), Accepted( 15 May 2007)

Quantum-like Probabilistic Models Outside Physics

Andrei Khrennikov

Received( 8 May 2007), Accepted( 15 June 2007)

Phase Transitions in Biological Matter

Eliano Pessa

Received( 4 September 2007), Accepted(22 September 2007)

Microcosm to Macrocosm via the Notion of a Sheaf (Observers in Terms of t-topos)

Goro Kato

Received( 7 May 2007), Accepted( 15 June 2007)

The Dissipative Quantum Model of Brain and Laboratory Observations

Walter J. Freeman and Giuseppe Vitiello

Received( 9 May 2007), Accepted( 15 May 2007)

Supersymmetric Methods in the Traveling Variable: Inside Neurons and at the Brain Scale

H.C. Rosu, O. Cornejo-Pérez, and J.E. Pérez-Terrazas

Received( 6 May 2007), Accepted( 15 May 2007)

Turing Systems: A General Model for Complex Patterns in Nature

R.A. Barrio

Received( 13 April 2007), Accepted( 15 May 2007)

Primordial Evolution in the Finitary Process Soup

Olof Görnerup and James P. Crutchfield

Received( 30 April 2007), Accepted( 15 May 2007)

Emergence of Universe from a Quantum Network

Paola A. Zizzi

Received( 6 July 2007), Accepted( 15 August 2007)

Occam's Razor Revisited: Simplicity vs. Complexity in Biology

Joseph P. Zbilut

Received( 8 May 2007), Accepted( 15 June 2007)

Order in the Nothing: Autopoiesis and the Organizational Characterization of the Living

Leonardo Bich and Luisa Damiano

Received( 5 May 2007), Accepted(15 June 2007)

Anticipation in Biological and Cognitive Systems:The Need for a Physical Theory of Biological Organization

Graziano Terenzi

Received( 8 May 2007), Accepted( 15 July 2007)

How Uncertain is Uncertainty?

T. Vamos

Received( 25 January 2007), Accepted( 15 May 2007)

Archetypes, Causal Description and Creativity in Natural World

Leonardo Chiatti

Received( 6 May 2007), Accepted ( 15 May 2007)

Crossing in Complexity. Interdisciplinary Application of Physics in Biological and

Social Systems

This book will be Published by the Nova Science Publishers

Volume 4, Issue 16 II (2007 and 2009)

Contents

Preface

The Limits of Atomism, the Bohm Way of a New Ontology

Ryo Morikawa

The (Unfortunate) Complexity of the Economy

J.P. Bouchaud

Doing Mathematics About and With the Brain

Michael A. Arbib

Physics of Life from First Principles

Michail Zak

Theoretical Physics of DNA: New Ideas and Tendencies in the Modeling of the DNA Nonlinear Dynamics

Yakushevich L.V.

Mathematical and Data Mining Contributions to Dynamics and Optimization of Gene-Environment Networks

Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, Pakize Taylan , Başak Akteke-Őztürk, and Őmür Uğur

Folding Proteins:(How to Set up an Effcient Metrics for Dealing with Complex Systems)

Alessandro Giuliani

Evolution of Norms in a Multi-Level Selection Model of Conflict and Cooperation

J. M. Pacheco, F. C. Santos and F. A. C. C. Chalub

Fractal Time, Observer Perspectives and Levels of Description in Nature

Susie Vrobel

Dynamics of Coupled Players and the Evolution of Synchronous Cooperation-Dynamical Systems Games as General Frame for Systems Inter-Relationship

Eizo Akiyama

Volume 4, Issue 16 III (December 2007)

Full text: Acrobat PDF (763 KB)

Number

Articles Title

Abstract

Multiboundary Algebra as Pregeometry

Ben Goertzel

Full text: Acrobat PDF (96 KB)

It is well known that the Clifford Algebras, and their quaternionic and octonionic subalgebras, are structures of fundamental importance in modern physics. ~Geoffrey Dixon has even used them as the centerpiece of a novel approach to Grand Unification. ~ In the spirit of Wheeler's notion of "pregeometry" and more recent work on quantum set theory, the goal of the present investigation is to explore how these algebras may be seen to emerge from a simpler and more primitive order. In order to observe this emergence in the most natural way, a pregeometric domain is proposed that consists of two different kinds of boundaries, each imposing different properties on the combinatory operations occurring between elements they contain. ~It is shown that a very simple variant of this kind of "multiboundary algebra" gives rise to Clifford Algebra, in much the same way as Spencer-Brown's simpler single-boundary algebra gives rise to Boolean algebra.

Scale Relativity: A Fractal Matrix for Organization in Nature

Laurent Nottale

Full text: Acrobat PDF (570 KB)

In this review paper, we recall the successive steps that we have followed in the construction of the theory of scale relativity. The aim of this theory is to derive the physical behavior of a nondifferentiable and fractal space-time and of its geodesics (to which wave-particles are identified), under the constraint of the principle of relativity of all scales in nature. The first step of this construction consists in deriving the fundamental laws of scale dependence (that describe the internal structures of the fractal geodesics) in terms of solutions of differential equations acting in the scale space. Various levels of these scale laws are considered, from the simplest scale invariant laws to the log-Lorentzian laws of special scale relativity. The second step consists in studying the effects of these internal fractal structures on the laws of motion. We find that their main consequence is the transformation of classical mechanics in a quantum-type mechanics. The basic quantum tools (complex, spinor and bi-spinor wave functions) naturally emerge in this approach as consequences of the nondifferentiability. Then the equations satisfied by these wave functions (which may themselves be fractal and nondifferentiable), namely, the Schrödinger, Klein-Gordon, Pauli and Dirac equations, are successively derived as integrals of the geodesics equations of a fractal space-time. Moreover, the Born and von Neumann postulates can be established in this framework. The third step consists in addressing the general scale relativity problem, namely, the emergence of fields as manifestations of the fractal geometry (which generalizes Einstein's identification of the gravitational field with the manifestations of the curved geometry). We recall that gauge transformations can be identified with transformations of the internal scale variables in a fractal space-time, allowing a geometric definition of the charges as conservative quantities issued from the symmetries of the underlying scale space, and a geometric construction of Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields. All these steps are briefly illustrated by examples of application of the theory to various sciences, including the validation of some of its predictions, in particular in the domains of high energy physics, sciences of life and astrophysics.

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